{"id":15308,"date":"2025-11-21T01:27:12","date_gmt":"2025-11-21T00:27:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lepatriotebenin.com\/?p=15308"},"modified":"2025-11-21T01:27:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T00:27:12","slug":"disparite-monetaire-et-production-etrangere-de-monnaie-le-franc-cfa-mieux-loti-en-afrique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lepatriotebenin.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/21\/disparite-monetaire-et-production-etrangere-de-monnaie-le-franc-cfa-mieux-loti-en-afrique\/","title":{"rendered":"Disparit\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire et production \u00e9trang\u00e8re de monnaie : Le franc CFA mieux loti en Afrique"},"content":{"rendered":"

Avec 33 monnaies pour 54 pays, l\u2019Afrique se distingue des autres continents en mati\u00e8re de disparit\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire, une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qui selon plusieurs experts freine l\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00e9conomique du continent. Dans cette disparit\u00e9 observ\u00e9e sur le continent, 14 pays s’illustrent \u00e0 travers leur monnaie commune, le franc CFA\u00a0 dont la politique de fabrication vou\u00e9e \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger n’est pas forc\u00e9ment une sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 mais une pratique largement r\u00e9pandue.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019Afrique a 33 monnaies mais elles ne sont accept\u00e9es nulle part sur le continent \u00bb, d\u00e9plore l\u2019universitaire k\u00e9nyan PLO Lumumba. Son t\u00e9moignage, illustr\u00e9 par l\u2019anecdote du shilling k\u00e9nyan ignor\u00e9 au profit du dollar \u00e0 Addis-Abeba, met en lumi\u00e8re une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 brutale. Malgr\u00e9 sa diversit\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire, le continent demeure d\u00e9pendant des devises \u00e9trang\u00e8res pour l\u2019essentiel de ses \u00e9changes, notamment le dollar et l\u2019euro qui concentrent plus de 80 % des transactions intra-africaines.<\/p>\n

Cette situation traduit une profonde d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration financi\u00e8re. Chaque fronti\u00e8re devient une barri\u00e8re de change, rench\u00e9rissant les co\u00fbts de transaction et compliquant la circulation des biens et services. Dans ce contexte, le d\u00e9bat sur le franc CFA se concentre souvent autour de la question de la souverainet\u00e9 et du lieu d\u2019impression des billets. Pourtant, la production de devises en dehors du territoire national n\u2019est pas propre \u00e0 la zone franc.<\/p>\n

De nombreuses monnaies africaines sont \u00e9galement fabriqu\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger pour des raisons techniques et industrielles. Le franc guin\u00e9en, le birr \u00e9thiopien ou le shilling ougandais sont imprim\u00e9s en Angleterre ; l\u2019ouguiya mauritanien, le kwacha zambien ou le shilling tanzanien en Allemagne ; tandis que le dollar lib\u00e9rien l\u2019est aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Parmi les neuf pays qui impriment chez eux leur monnaie, certains en fabriquent une partie \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger \u00e0 l’instar du Ghana et du Nigeria qui le font en Grande-Bretagne. La frappe externe rel\u00e8ve ainsi d\u2019un partenariat industriel et non d\u2019une exception li\u00e9e au CFA.<\/p>\n

La zone CFA, une singularit\u00e9 organis\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans cet environnement, la zone franc se distingue par un cadre institutionnel structur\u00e9. R\u00e9partie entre l\u2019UEMOA et la CEMAC, elle regroupe 14 \u00c9tats dont six pour le dernier partageant une monnaie commune, le XOF et le XAF, g\u00e9r\u00e9s par leurs banques centrales respectives, la Banque Centrale des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest (BCEAO) et la Banque des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale (BEAC). Malgr\u00e9 leurs non-interchangeabilit\u00e9s, ces devises reposent sur une parit\u00e9 fixe avec l\u2019euro, garantie par le Tr\u00e9sor fran\u00e7ais, assurant convertibilit\u00e9 et stabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Cette architecture offre plusieurs avantages comme la ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019inflation, r\u00e9sistance aux chocs macro\u00e9conomiques et climat propice aux investissements. Les performances r\u00e9centes en t\u00e9moignent. En 2020, la zone franc enregistrait une croissance de +0,3 % contre -1,7 % pour l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne. Pour le gouverneur de la BCEAO, Ti\u00e9moko Meyliet Kon\u00e9, le franc CFA demeure \u00ab une monnaie stable et pris\u00e9e \u00bb, soutenant la reprise et la confiance des op\u00e9rateurs \u00e9conomiques.<\/p>\n

Vers une n\u00e9cessaire r\u00e9forme continentale<\/strong><\/p>\n

Si les critiques persistent, notamment sur l\u2019h\u00e9ritage colonial, la r\u00e9forme engag\u00e9e avec la tentative de l’instauration d’une monnaie unique \u00e0 travers le projet ECO marque une \u00e9volution significative. Des r\u00e9formes attendues telles que, la suppression du compte d\u2019op\u00e9rations, le retrait des repr\u00e9sentants fran\u00e7ais des instances de la BCEAO et la perspective d\u2019une plus grande autonomie r\u00e9gionale sont louables. Toutefois, l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur de cette nouvelle monnaie est repouss\u00e9e \u00e0 2027.<\/p>\n

Ez\u00e9chiel Dagb\u00e9gnon PADONOU<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Avec 33 monnaies pour 54 pays, l\u2019Afrique se distingue des autres continents en mati\u00e8re de disparit\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire, une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qui selon plusieurs experts freine l\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00e9conomique du continent. Dans cette…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":15309,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nDisparit\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire et production \u00e9trang\u00e8re de monnaie : Le franc CFA mieux loti en Afrique - Le Patriote<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lepatriotebenin.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/21\/disparite-monetaire-et-production-etrangere-de-monnaie-le-franc-cfa-mieux-loti-en-afrique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disparit\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire et production \u00e9trang\u00e8re de monnaie : Le franc CFA mieux loti en Afrique - Le Patriote\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Avec 33 monnaies pour 54 pays, l\u2019Afrique se distingue des autres continents en mati\u00e8re de disparit\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire, une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qui selon plusieurs experts freine l\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00e9conomique du continent. 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