{"id":14040,"date":"2025-10-06T16:12:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T14:12:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lepatriotebenin.com\/?p=14040"},"modified":"2025-10-06T16:12:21","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T14:12:21","slug":"prix-nobel-de-medecine-mary-e-brunkow-fred-ramsdell-et-shimon-sakaguchi-recompenses-pour-la-decouverte-des-cellules-t-regulatrices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lepatriotebenin.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/06\/prix-nobel-de-medecine-mary-e-brunkow-fred-ramsdell-et-shimon-sakaguchi-recompenses-pour-la-decouverte-des-cellules-t-regulatrices\/","title":{"rendered":"Prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine : Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell et Shimon Sakaguchi r\u00e9compens\u00e9s pour la d\u00e9couverte des cellules T r\u00e9gulatrices"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell et Shimon Sakaguchi ont remport\u00e9 le prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine 2025 pour leurs d\u00e9couvertes sur la tol\u00e9rance immunitaire p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique, a annonc\u00e9 lundi 06 octobre 2025 \u00a0l’Assembl\u00e9e Nobel.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Deux scientifiques am\u00e9ricains, Mary E. Brunkow et Fred Ramsdell, ainsi que le Japonais Shimon Sakaguchi, ont remport\u00e9 le prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine 2025, a annonc\u00e9 lundi l’Assembl\u00e9e Nobel de l’Institut Karolinska. Les trois laur\u00e9ats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9compens\u00e9s pour\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0leurs d\u00e9couvertes r\u00e9volutionnaires concernant la tol\u00e9rance immunitaire p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique qui emp\u00eache le syst\u00e8me immunitaire de nuire \u00e0 l’organisme\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> , a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l’institut dans un communiqu\u00e9. Officiellement connue sous le nom de prix Nobel de physiologie ou de m\u00e9decine, cette distinction a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cern\u00e9e 115 fois \u00e0 229 laur\u00e9ats entre 1901 et 2024<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Le comit\u00e9 Nobel les a r\u00e9compens\u00e9s\u00a0\u00ab pour leurs d\u00e9couvertes r\u00e9volutionnaires sur la tol\u00e9rance immunitaire p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique \u00bb. Ils ont notamment identifi\u00e9 les cellules T r\u00e9gulatrices, ou Tregs, v\u00e9ritables gardiennes qui emp\u00eachent les cellules immunitaires d\u2019agresser les tissus de l\u2019organisme. Le comit\u00e9 souligne que ces d\u00e9couvertes\u00a0\u00ab ont ouvert un nouveau champ de recherche et favoris\u00e9 le d\u00e9veloppement de traitements innovants, notamment pour le cancer et les maladies auto-immunes \u00bb. \u00ab\u00a0Le prix Nobel de physiologie ou m\u00e9decine de cette ann\u00e9e porte sur la mani\u00e8re dont nous contr\u00f4lons notre syst\u00e8me immunitaire afin de pouvoir lutter contre tous les microbes imaginables tout en \u00e9vitant les maladies auto-immunes\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>,\u00a0a expliqu\u00e9 Marie Wahren-Herlenius, professeure \u00e0 l’institut Karolina.<\/p>\n

En effet, dans le corps des personnes atteintes d’un lupus, d’une scl\u00e9rose en plaques, d’un diab\u00e8te de type 1, les d\u00e9fenses immunitaires, qui sont normalement arm\u00e9es pour reconnaitre et \u00e9liminer les microorganismes \u00e9trangers n\u00e9fastes pour la sant\u00e9, se mettent \u00e0 s’en prendre aussi aux tissus sains de l’organisme, car elles ne font plus la diff\u00e9rence entre les bonnes et les mauvaises cellules.\u00a0Les trois laur\u00e9ats ont donc identifi\u00e9 les cellules T r\u00e9gulatrices, n\u00e9cessaires au maintien de la tol\u00e9rance\u00a0immunitaire, ouvrant ainsi la voie \u00e0 un nouveau domaine de recherche.<\/p>\n

Premi\u00e8res avanc\u00e9es en 1995 et 2001<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le chercheur en immunologie \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 d’Osaka,\u00a0Shimon Sakaguchi, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9\u00a0la premi\u00e8re avanc\u00e9e dans ce domaine en 1995. Il a d\u00e9couvert \u00ab\u00a0une classe de cellules immunitaires jusqu’alors inconnue, qui prot\u00e8ge l’organisme contre les maladies auto-immunes\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em> Avant cela, de nombreux chercheurs \u00e9taient convaincus que la tol\u00e9rance immunitaire ne se d\u00e9veloppait que gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’\u00e9limination des cellules immunitaires potentiellement dangereuses dans le thymus, organe situ\u00e9 dans la partie sup\u00e9rieure gauche de l’abdomen pr\u00e8s de l’estomac.<\/p>\n

Six ans plus tard, en 2001, Mary E. Brunkow et Fred Ramsdell,<\/strong> 64 ans, ont fait l’autre d\u00e9couverte cl\u00e9 lorsqu’ils ont montr\u00e9 comment un certain type de souris \u00e9tait particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rable aux maladies auto-immunes. Celles-ci poss\u00e9daient une mutation dans un g\u00e8ne qu’ils ont nomm\u00e9 Foxp3.\u00a0Ils ont \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence le fait que des mutations dans l’\u00e9quivalent humain de ce g\u00e8ne provoquent une grave maladie auto-immune, appel\u00e9e IPEX.\u00a0Shimon Sakaguchi r\u00e9ussit, deux ans plus tard, \u00e0 faire le lien entre ces d\u00e9couvertes et d\u00e9montre que le g\u00e8ne Foxp3 r\u00e9git le d\u00e9veloppement des cellules qu’il avait identifi\u00e9es en 1995.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell et Shimon Sakaguchi ont remport\u00e9 le prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine 2025 pour leurs d\u00e9couvertes sur la tol\u00e9rance immunitaire p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique, a annonc\u00e9 lundi 06 octobre 2025…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":14041,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sante"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nPrix Nobel de m\u00e9decine : Mary E. 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